Etude de la variation de l'épaisseur centrale de la cornée au cours d'une hyperglycémie de novo / Study of the variation of the central thickness of the horn during de novo hyperglycemia

Introduction : L'épaisseur centrale de la cornée peut être modifiée au cours d'une hyperglycémie chronique. En dehors d'une hyperglycémie chronique, nous pensons que les modifications de l'épaisseur cornéenne surviennent également lors des hyperglycémies de novo.Objectif: Déterminer la variation de l'épaisseur centrale de la cornée au cours d'une hyperglycémie de novo.Patients et Méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une étude observationnelle et transversale à visée analytique réalisée de juillet à novembre 2021, auprès de 222 personnes (444 yeux) présentant une hyperglycémie récente. L'ECC a été comparée entre le moment du diagnostic (J0) et 30 jours (J30) après l'initiation du traitement hypoglycémiant (Chi-2). La variation de l'ECC entre J0 et J30 a été corrélée à celle de la glycémie (Spearman ; p<0,05).Résultats : A J0, la moyenne de l'ECC était de 552,5±39,2 µm contre 538,0±34,2 µm à J30 (p=0,001) et celle de la glycémie de 18,1±8,2 mmo/L contre 6,9±3,0 mmol/L (p = 0,001). A J0, 57,0% avaient une ECC > 550µm et à J30, 19,4% avaient diminué cette épaisseur entre 520 et 550 µm et 3,4% à moins de 520 µm. Sur un effectif de 444 yeux, 28,2% (n = 125) ont diminué leur ECC de 25 µm et plus après initiation du traitement hypoglycémiant. Aucune corrélation n'existait entre la variation de l'ECC et celle de la glycémie (r=0,018; p=0,704).Conclusion : Ces résultats montrent qu'il existe une variation de l'ECC en cas de déséquilibre glycémique récent

Introduction : The central thickness of the cornea can be changed during chronic hyperglycemia. Apart from chronic hyperglycemia, we believe that changes in corneal thickness also occur during de novo hyperglycemia.Objective: To determine the variation in the central thickness of the cornea during de novo hyperglycemia.Patients and Methods: This was an observational and cross-sectional analytical study conducted from July to November 2021, involving 222 people (444 eyes) with recent hyperglycemia. ECC was compared between the time of diagnosis (D0) and 30 days (Day 30) after initiation of hypoglycemic (Chi-2) therapy. The change in ECC between J0 and J30 was correlated with that of blood glucose (Spearman ; p<0,05).Results: ON D0, the mean ECC was 552.5±39.2 µm versus 538.0± 34.2 µm on D30 ( p=0.001) and the blood glucose mean was 18.1±8.2 mmo/l versus 6.9±3.0 mmol/l ( p=0.001). On D0, 57.0% had an ECC ˃ 550µm and on D30, 19.4% had decreased this thickness between 520 and 550 µm and 3.4% to less than 520 µm. On a population of 444 eyes, 28.2% ( n=125) decreased their ECC by 25 µm and more after initiation of hypoglycemic therapy. There was no correlation between the change in ECC and the change in blood glucose (r=0.018; p=0.704).Conclusion : These results show that there is a variation in ECC in case of recent glycemic imbalance

Persistent median artery inside the carpal tunnel: description and surgical implications

The median artery is usually a transient vessel during the embryonic period. However, this artery can persist in adult life as the persistent median artery. This paper aims to describe this relevant anatomical variation for surgeons, review the literature and discuss its clinical implications. A routine dissection was performed in the upper left limb of a male adult cadaver of approximately 50-60 years of age, embalmed in formalin 10%. The persistent median artery was identified emerging as a terminal branch of the common interosseous artery with a path along the ulnar side of the median nerve. In the wrist, the persistent median artery passed through the carpal tunnel, deep in the transverse carpal ligament. The dissection in the palmar region revealed no anastomosis with the ulnar artery forming the superficial palmar arch. The common digital arteries emerged from the ulnar artery and the persistent median artery. Such variation has clinical and surgical relevance in approaching carpal tunnel syndrome and other clinical disorders in the wrist.

Variación biológica de Creatinina, Cistatina C y Tasa de Filtrado Glomerular Estimada a lo largo de 24 horas / Biological Variation of Creatinine, Cystatin C, and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate over 24 hours

Antecedentes: La tasa de filtración glomerular estimada (TFGe) es ampliamente utilizada en la práctica clínica. El presente estudio evaluó la variación biológica intraindividual (CVI) de diferentes ecuaciones de TFGe en sujetos con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) y sin ERC. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron (a) determinar los perfiles de variación biológica durante 24 horas de creatinina, cistatina C y TFGe y (b) determinar si el CVI de la creatinina, la cistatina C y la TFGe cambia el deterioro de la filtración glomerular. Métodos: Se analizaron muestras de sangre cada hora de 37 individuos (17 sin ERC, 20 con ERC) durante 24 h. La creatinina (método enzimático) y la cistatina C se midieron usando un Cobas 8000 (Roche Diagnostics). La TFGe se estimó utilizando la Modificación de la Dieta en la Enfermedad Renal y la Colaboración de Epidemiología de la Enfermedad Renal Crónica basada en creatinina y/o cistatina C. Las muestras de plasma se almacenaron a -80 °C antes del análisis. Se verificaron los análisis de valores atípicos y de homogeneidad antes de realizar un ANOVA anidado para determinar la variación biológica. Resultados: La CVI de creatinina fue más alta en sujetos sin ERC que en aquellos con ERC (6.4% frente a 2.5%) debido principalmente al efecto más marcado del consumo de carne sobre la variabilidad de creatinina en individuos con concentraciones iniciales de creatinina más bajas. A diferencia de la creatinina, las concentraciones de cistatina C no se vieron afectadas por el consumo de carne. La cistatina C mostró alguna variación rítmica diurna y menor en los sujetos con ERC. Los valores de referencia del cambio (VCR) de todas las ecuaciones de TFGe estuvieron dentro del 13% al 20% en ambos grupos de estudio. Conclusiones: A pesar de las diferencias en el CVI de la creatinina, el CVI y el VRC de las ecuaciones de TFGe fueron relativamente similares para los sujetos con o sin ERC.

Background: Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is widely used in clinical practice. This study assessed the within-subject biological variation (CVI) of different eGFR equations in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and people without CKD. The aims of this study were (a) to determine the 24-h biological variation profiles of creatinine, cystatin C, and eGFR and (b) to determine whether CVI of creatinine, cystatin C, and eGFR changes on deterioration of glomerular filtration. Methods: Hourly blood samples were analyzed from 37 individuals (17 without CKD, 20 with CKD) during 24 h. Creatinine (enzymatic method) and cystatin C were measured using a Cobas 8000 (Roche Diagnostics). eGFR was estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease and the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration based on creatinine and/or cystatin C. Plasma samples were stored at -80 °C before analysis. Outlier and homogeneity analyses were checked before performing a nested ANOVA to determine biological variation. Results: CVI of creatinine was higher in people without CKD than in those with CKD (6.4% vs. 2.5%) owing primarily to the more profound effect of meat consumption on creatinine variability in individuals with lower baseline creatinine concentrations. Unlike creatinine, cystatin C concentrations were unaffected by meat consumption. Cystatin C showed some diurnal rhythmic variation and less in people with CKD. Reference change values (RCVs) of all eGFR equations were within 13% to 20% in both study groups. Conclusions: Despite differences in CVI of creatinine, the CVI and RCV of the eGFR equations were relatively similar for people with or without CKD.

Individual, spatial and inter-sex variation in somatic growth: a study of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae), a long-distance freshwater Neotropical migratory fish

Growth is a fundamental biological process, driven by multiple endogenous (intra-individual) and exogenous (environmental) factors that maintain individual fitness and population stability. The current study aims to assess whether individual, spatial (headwaters and floodplains) and inter-sex variation occurs in the growth of Piaractus mesopotamicus in the Cuiabá River basin. Samples were collected monthly from July 2006 to July 2007, at two areas in the Cuiabá River basin (headwaters and floodplain). Three growth models (individuals; individuals and sex factors; individuals and areas factors) were developed and compared the fish growth parameters using Akaike information criterion (AIC). The best fit to the length-at-age data was obtained by a model that considered individual variation and sex. The theoretical maximum average length ( L∞ ) was 64.99 cm for females, and 63.23 cm for males. Females showed a growth rate (k) of 0.230 yr-1and males of 0.196 yr-1. Thus, could be concluded that individual variability and sex were the main sources of variation in P. mesopotamicus somatic growth parameters.(AU)

O crescimento é um processo biológico fundamental, impulsionado por múltiplos fatores endógenos (intra-individual) e exógenos (ambientais) que mantém o fitness individual e a estabilidade populacional. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar se ocorre variação individual, espacial (região de cabeceira e planície de inundação) e entre sexo no crescimento de Piaractus mesopotamicus na bacia do rio Cuiabá. Amostragens foram realizadas mensalmente entre julho de 2006 a julho de 2007, em duas áreas da bacia do rio Cuiabá (região de cabeceira e planície de inundação). Três modelos de crescimento (indivíduos, indivíduos e sexo como fator, indivíduos e área como fator) foram elaborados e comparados os parâmetros de crescimentos dos peixes com base no critério de Informação de Akaike (AIC). O melhor ajuste aos dados de comprimento na idade data foi obtido pelo modelo que considerou a variação individual e o sexo. O comprimento médio máximo teórico ( L∞ ) das fêmeas foi 64,99 cm e para os machos 63,23 cm. O coeficiente de crescimento (k) médio foi de 0,230 yr-1 e 0,196 yr-1, respectivamente para fêmeas e machos. Portanto, pode-se concluir que variabilidade individual e sexo foram as principais origem de variação dos parâmetros de crescimento somático de P. mesopotamicus.(AU)

As políticas de verificação de sexo/gênero no esporte: Intersexualidade, doping, protocolos e resoluções / Sex / Gender verification policies in sport: intersexuality, doping, protocols and resolutions / Las políticas de verificación de sexo/género en el deporte: intersexualidad, dopaje, protocolos y resoluciones

Resumo: Este artigo analisa alguns casos de atletas intersexuais que passaram pelo crivo das políticas de verificação de gênero, que comitês e federações esportivas implementam enquanto resoluções para a determinação da elegibilidade do sexo de atletas a fim de competirem em uma única categoria esportiva. A busca pela verificação e a confirmação do sexo/gênero de uma atleta articula muitas questões, como performance, testosterona, doping, medicamentos, por um lado, e marcadores sociais da diferença, do outro lado. De modo geral, tento entender como a validação e a legitimação de certos critérios para instituir corpos como saudáveis, elegíveis e capitalizáveis destituem diversos outros sujeitos da vida social - no caso, de suas profissões e capacidades de rendimento esportivo. Por fim, atento para como essas atletas passam por avaliações coercitivas, procedimentos invasivos e cirurgias irreversíveis para assegurar inteligibilidades e privilégios de uma suposta coerência biomédica sobre a diferenciação sexual e uma elegibilidade esportiva que mais discrimina do que iguala.

Abstract: This article analyzes cases of intersex athletes who experienced the sieve of gender verification policies that sports organizations and committees implement as resolutions to determine the sex of athletes eligible to compete in a unique sports category. The search for verification and confirmation of the sex and gender of an athlete mobilizes many issues, such as performance, testosterone, doping and drugs on one hand, and markers of social difference on the other. More broadly, I try to understand how the validation and legitimacy of certain criteria to establish bodies as healthy, eligible, and capitalizable, strips many other subjects of their social life - in this case, of their professions and their sports performance capabilities. Finally, I consider how these athletes go through coercive reviews, invasive procedures and irreversible surgery to ensure intelligibilities and privileges of an alleged biomedical logic on sexual differentiation and on sports eligibility that discriminates more than promotes equality.

Resumen: Este artículo analiza algunos casos de atletas intersexuales, que pasaron por la criba de las políticas de verificación de género que comités y federaciones deportivas implementan como resoluciones para la determinación da la elegibilidad del sexo de los atletas, para competir en una única categoría deportiva. La verificación y confirmación del sexo/género de una atleta articula varios asuntos, como performance, testosterona, dopaje, medicamentos, de un lado, y marcadores sociales de la diferencia, de otro lado. De modo general, intento entender como la validación y legitimación de ciertos criterios para instituir cuerpos como saludables, elegibles y capitalizables, destituyen otros diversos sujetos de la vida social - en este caso, sus profesiones y capacidades de rendimiento deportivo - . Finalmente, analizo como estas atletas pasan por evaluaciones coercitivas, procedimientos invasivos y cirugías irreversibles para garantizar inteligibilidades y privilegios de una supuesta coherencia biomédica sobre la diferenciación sexual y una elegibilidad deportiva que más discrimina envés de igualar.